// Copyright 2007 Timo Bingmann <tb@panthema.net>
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
// (See http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>

#include <zlib.h>

/** Compress a STL string using zlib with given compression level and return
  * the binary data. */
std::string compress_string(const std::string& str,
                            int compressionlevel = Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
{
    z_stream zs;                        // z_stream is zlib's control structure
    memset(&zs, 0, sizeof(zs));

    if (deflateInit(&zs, compressionlevel) != Z_OK)
        throw(std::runtime_error("deflateInit failed while compressing."));

    zs.next_in = (Bytef*)str.data();
    zs.avail_in = str.size();           // set the z_stream's input

    int ret;
    char outbuffer[32768];
    std::string outstring;

    // retrieve the compressed bytes blockwise
    do {
        zs.next_out = reinterpret_cast<Bytef*>(outbuffer);
        zs.avail_out = sizeof(outbuffer);

        ret = deflate(&zs, Z_FINISH);

        if (outstring.size() < zs.total_out) {
            // append the block to the output string
            outstring.append(outbuffer,
                             zs.total_out - outstring.size());
        }
    } while (ret == Z_OK);

    deflateEnd(&zs);

    if (ret != Z_STREAM_END) {          // an error occurred that was not EOF
        std::ostringstream oss;
        oss << "Exception during zlib compression: (" << ret << ") " << zs.msg;
        throw(std::runtime_error(oss.str()));
    }

    return outstring;
}

/** Decompress an STL string using zlib and return the original data. */
std::string decompress_string(const std::string& str)
{
    z_stream zs;                        // z_stream is zlib's control structure
    memset(&zs, 0, sizeof(zs));

    if (inflateInit(&zs) != Z_OK)
        throw(std::runtime_error("inflateInit failed while decompressing."));

    zs.next_in = (Bytef*)str.data();
    zs.avail_in = str.size();

    int ret;
    char outbuffer[32768];
    std::string outstring;

    // get the decompressed bytes blockwise using repeated calls to inflate
    do {
        zs.next_out = reinterpret_cast<Bytef*>(outbuffer);
        zs.avail_out = sizeof(outbuffer);

        ret = inflate(&zs, 0);

        if (outstring.size() < zs.total_out) {
            outstring.append(outbuffer,
                             zs.total_out - outstring.size());
        }

    } while (ret == Z_OK);

    inflateEnd(&zs);

    if (ret != Z_STREAM_END) {          // an error occurred that was not EOF
        std::ostringstream oss;
        oss << "Exception during zlib decompression: (" << ret << ") "
            << zs.msg;
        throw(std::runtime_error(oss.str()));
    }

    return outstring;
}

/** Small dumb tool (de)compressing cin to cout. It holds all input in memory,
  * so don't use it for huge files. */
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    std::string allinput;

    while (std::cin.good())     // read all input from cin
    {
        char inbuffer[32768];
        std::cin.read(inbuffer, sizeof(inbuffer));
        allinput.append(inbuffer, std::cin.gcount());
    }

    if (argc >= 2 && strcmp(argv[1], "-d") == 0)
    {
        std::string cstr = decompress_string( allinput );

        std::cerr << "Inflated data: "
                  << allinput.size() << " -> " << cstr.size()
                  << " (" << std::setprecision(1) << std::fixed
                  << ( ((float)cstr.size() / (float)allinput.size() - 1.0) * 100.0 )
                  << "% increase).\n";

        std::cout << cstr;
    }
    else
    {
        std::string cstr = compress_string( allinput );

        std::cerr << "Deflated data: "
                  << allinput.size() << " -> " << cstr.size()
                  << " (" << std::setprecision(1) << std::fixed
                  << ( (1.0 - (float)cstr.size() / (float)allinput.size()) * 100.0)
                  << "% saved).\n";

        std::cout << cstr;
    }
}

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <boost/regex.hpp>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>

int main()
{
    // This regex is compiled at start-up and matches YYYY-MM-DD dates. If it
    // contains a syntax error, the program aborts at start-up with an
    // exception.
    static const boost::regex
        date_regex("(199[0-9]|200[0-9])-([1-9]|0[1-9]|1[012])-([1-9]|[0-2][1-9]|3[01])");

    // First example: char* c-style input strings use boost::cmatch results.
    {
        const char *input_cstr = "2007-03-14";
        boost::cmatch char_matches;

        if (boost::regex_match(input_cstr, char_matches, date_regex))
        {
            // Convert the parsed number using boost's lexical_cast library
            int year = boost::lexical_cast<int>( char_matches[1] );
            // Or use the old way: get the std::string object, then it's char*
            int month = atoi( char_matches[2].str().c_str() );

            std::cout << "First example:"
                      << " year " << year
                      << " month " << month
                      << " day " << char_matches[3] << "\n";
        } 
        else
        {
            std::cout << "First example should have matched the regex.\n";
        }
    }

    // Second example: STL strings use boost::smatch results.
    {
        std::string input_stlstr = "2007-03-34";
        boost::smatch str_matches;

        if (boost::regex_match(input_stlstr, str_matches, date_regex))
        {
            std::cout << "Second example shouldn't have matched the regex.\n";
        }
        else
        {
            std::cout << "Second example didn't match the regex. This was intended.\n";
        }
    }

    // Third example: Temporary regex object and no capture results needed.
    {
        if (boost::regex_match("2007", boost::regex("(199[0-9]|200[0-9])")))
        {
            std::cout << "Third example matched the temporary regex object.\n";
        }
        else
        {
            std::cout << "Third example should have matched the regex.\n";
        }
    }

    // Fourth example: regex_match matches the whole string while regex_search
    // matches substrings just like perl.
    {
        std::string input = "Today is 2007-03-14, how are you?";

        if (boost::regex_match(input, date_regex))
        {
            std::cout << "Fourth example (regex_match) shouldn't match.\n";
        }
        else
        {
            std::cout << "As expected, the fourth example (regex_match) didn't match.\n";
        }

        if (boost::regex_search(input, date_regex))
        {
            std::cout << "While the fourth example using regex_search did matched.\n";
        }
        else
        {
            std::cout << "Fourth example using regex_search should have matched the regex.\n";
        }
    }
}

#include <iostream>

struct myclass
{
    int a, b;

    myclass(int _a, int _b)
        : a(_a), b(_b)
    { }
};

// make myclass ostream outputtable
std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream &stream, const myclass &obj)
{
    return stream << "(" << obj.a << "," << obj.b << ")";
}

int main()
{
    myclass obj(42, 46);

    std::cout << obj << std::endl;
}